☰ Leviticus 23
23
(4) 1 Adonai spoke to Moses [Drawn out], saying, 2 “Speak to the children of Israel [God prevails], and tell them, ‘The set feasts of Adonai, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my set feasts.
3 “ ‘Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Shabath ·Intermission· of solemn rest, a holy convocation; you shall do no kind of work. It is a Shabath ·Intermission· to Adonai in all your dwellings.
4 “ ‘These are the set feasts of Adonai, even holy convocations, which you shall proclaim in their appointed season. 5 In the first month Nissan ·Miracles (in Aramaic), 1·, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, is Adonai’s Pesac ·Passover·. 6 On the fifteenth day of the same month is the festival of Matzah ·Unleavened bread· to Adonai. Seven days you shall eat matzah ·unleavened bread·. 7 * In the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no regular aboda ·service·. 8 †
But you shall offer an offering made by fire to Adonai seven days. ‡ In the seventh day is a holy convocation: § you shall do no regular aboda ·service·.’ ”
9 Adonai spoke to Moses [Drawn out], saying, 10 *
“Speak to the children of Israel [God prevails], and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap its harvest, then you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest: 11 and he shall wave the sheaf before Adonai, to be accepted for you. On the next day after the Shabath ·Intermission· the priest shall wave it. 12 On the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb without defect a year old for a burnt offering to Adonai. 13 The meal offering with it shall be one tenth of an ephah [two omers; 4.6 q; 4.4 L] of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire to Adonai for a pleasant aroma; and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin [2.6 qt; 1.2 L]. 14 † You must not eat bread, ‡ or roasted grain, § or fresh grain, until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God. This is a regulation forever throughout all your generations in all your dwellings.
15 * “ ‘You shall count from the next day after the Shabath ·Intermission·, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven Shab'totay ·Intermissions· shall be completed: 16 even to the next day after the seventh Shabath ·Intermission· you shall count fifty days; and you shall offer a new meal offering to Adonai. 17 † You shall bring out of your habitations two loaves of bread for a wave offering made of one tenth of an ephah [two omers; 4.6 q; 4.4 L] of fine flour. They shall be baked with yeast, for first fruits to Adonai. 18 You shall present with the bread seven lambs without defect a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They shall be a burnt offering to Adonai, with their meal offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of a sweet aroma to Adonai. 19 You shall offer one male goat for a habitual sin ·miss the mark· offering, and two male lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings. 20 ‡The priest shall wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering before Adonai , with the two lambs. They shall be holy to Adonai for the priest. 21 § You shall make proclamation on the same day: there shall be a holy convocation to you; * you shall do no regular aboda ·service·. This is a regulation forever in all your dwellings throughout all your generations.
22 “ ‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not wholly reap into the corners of your field, and you must not gather the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the poor, and for the foreigner. I am Adonai your God.’ ”
(5) 23 Adonai spoke to Moses [Drawn out], saying, 24 †
“Speak to the children of Israel [God prevails], saying, ‘In the seventh month Ethanim ·Ever-flowing durable stream (in Hebrew), 7· or Tishrei ·[Beginning (in Babylonian)]·, on the first day of the month, shall be a solemn rest to you, a memorial of blowing of shofarot ·ram horns·, a holy convocation. 25 ‡ You shall do no regular aboda ·service·; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to Adonai.’ ”
26 Adonai spoke to Moses [Drawn out], saying, 27 “However on the tenth day of this seventh month Ethanim ·Ever-flowing durable stream (in Hebrew), 7· or Tishrei ·[Beginning (in Babylonian)]· is Yom-Kippur ·Day of Atonement·: it shall be a holy convocation to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to Adonai. 28 You shall do no kind of work in that same day; for it is Yom-Kippur ·Day of Atonement·, to make atonement for you before Adonai your God. 29 For whoever it is who shall not deny himself in that same day; shall be cut off from his people. 30 Whoever it is who does any kind of work in that same day, that person I will destroy from among his people. 31 You shall do no kind of work: it is a statute forever throughout all your generations in all your dwellings. 32 §
It shall be a Shabath ·Intermission· of solemn rest for you, *
and you shall deny yourselves. In the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, † you shall keep your Shabath ·Intermission·.”
(6) 33 Adonai spoke to Moses [Drawn out], saying, 34 “Speak to the children of Israel [God prevails], and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month Ethanim ·Ever-flowing durable stream (in Hebrew), 7· or Tishrei ·[Beginning (in Babylonian)]· is the festival of Sukkot ·Booths· for seven days to Adonai. 35 ‡ On the first day shall be a holy convocation: §
you shall do no regular aboda ·service·. 36 Seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to Adonai. * On the eighth day shall be a holy convocation to you; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to Adonai. It is a solemn assembly; †
you shall do no regular aboda ·service·.
37 “ ‘These are the appointed feasts of Adonai, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire to Adonai, a burnt offering, and a meal offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, each on its own day; 38 besides the Shabath ·Intermission· of Adonai, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your free will offerings, which you give to Adonai.
39 “ ‘So on the fifteenth day of the seventh month Ethanim ·Ever-flowing durable stream (in Hebrew), 7· or Tishrei ·[Beginning (in Babylonian)]·, when you have gathered in the fruits of the land, you shall keep the festival of Adonai seven days: on the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest. 40 ‡
You shall take on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before Adonai your God seven days. 41 You shall keep it a feast to Adonai seven days in the year. It is a statute forever throughout all your generations. You shall keep it in the seventh month Ethanim ·Ever-flowing durable stream (in Hebrew), 7· or Tishrei ·[Beginning (in Babylonian)]·. 42 § You shall dwell in sukkot ·temporary tents· seven days. All who are native-born in Israel [God prevails] shall dwell in a sukkah ·temporary tent·, 43 that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel [God prevails] to dwell in sukkot ·temporary tents·, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt [Abode of slavery]. I am Adonai your God.’ ”
44 Moses [Drawn out] declared to the children of Israel [God prevails] the appointed feasts of Adonai.
* 23:7 . Lev 23:7 (Lev 23:5-8; Ex 12:15-17) (#4.293): T. To rest on the first day of matzah ·Unleavened Bread· as a holy convocation / R. To rest on the first day of Pesac ·Passover· as a Sabbath day † 23:8 . Lev 23:8 (Lev 23:5-8; Ex 12:15-17) (#4.294): T. Not to do work on the first day of matzah ·Unleavened Bread· / R. Not to do prohibited labor on the first day of Passover T. Directive: Do no ordinary work, the only exception is to prepare your food ‡ 23:8 . Lev 23:8 (Lev 23:5-8, Ex 12:15-17) (#4.295): T. To rest on the seventh day of matzah ·Unleavened Bread· as a holy convocation / R. To rest on the seventh day of Pesac ·Passover· as a Sabbath day § 23:8 . Lev 23:8 (Lev 23:5-8, Ex 12:15-17) (#4.296): T. Not to do work on the seventh day of matzah ·Unleavened Bread· / R. Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day of Passover * 23:10 . Lev 23:10 (Lev 23:9-14, 23:11, 23:15-16) (#4.297): T. To bring the First Fruits of your harvest, the Omer ·Sheath of grain· / R. To offer the wave offering from the grain of the new wheat T. Note: This is the First Fruits barley offering (#1 of the First Fruits offerings). Barley is considered the poor man’s grain, in contrast to wheat (think market value cost) † 23:14 . Lev 23:14 (Lev 23:9-14) (#4.298): T. Not to eat bread of the new crop until you bring the First Fruits offering for your God / R. Not to eat bread from new grain before the Omer ·Sheath of grain· ‡ 23:14 . Lev 23:14 (Lev 23:9-14) (#4.299): T. Not to eat roasted grain of the new crop until you bring the First Fruits offering for your God / R. Not to eat parched grains from new grain before the Omer ·Sheath of grain· § 23:14 . Lev 23:14 (Lev 23:9-14) (#4.300): T. Not to eat fresh grain of the new crop until you bring the offering for your God / R. Not to eat ripened grains from new grain before the Omer ·Sheath of grain· * 23:15 . Lev 23:15 (Lev 23:15-16) (#4.301): T. To count the Omer ·Sheath of grain· forty nine days from the Sabbath ·7th day / Complete· after Pesac ·Passover· / R. To count the Omer ·Sheath of grain· forty nine days from the time of harvesting the barley first fruits following Passover and the Sabbath / R. Each man must count the Omer ·Sheath of grain· - seven weeks from the day the new First Fruits #1 wheat offering was brought † 23:17 . Lev 23:17 (Lev 23:16-18, 23:15-20, 23:21; Num 28:26-31) (#4.302): To bring two loaves of bread together with the sacrifices that are offered because of the loaves on the Festival of Shavu'ot ·Weeks· / Pentacost ·50· ‡ 23:20 . MPr: “Whatever time of year the Messiah was to appear, the Jews were to greet and hail Him by taking of the Lulav (Lev 23:40 – Palm, Willow, Myrtle and good fruits) clusters and singing Hosannas [Save Now] to him as the Holy One of Israel.” (Midrash Peskita de-Rabbi Kahana 27:3). (Willow: Matt 21:8; Myrtle: Mark 11:8; Good fruits: Luke 19:35-36; Palm: John 12:12-13) § 23:21 . Lev 23:21 (Lev 23:15-21) (#4.303): T. To rest on the fiftieth day of counting the Omer ·Sheath of grain· / R. To rest on Shavu'ot ·Weeks· / Note: The 50th day of the Omer ·Sheath of grain· is Shavu'ot ·Weeks· in Hebrew or in Greek it is called Pentacost ·50· * 23:21 . Lev 23:21 (Lev 23:15-21) (#4.304): T. Not to do work on the Festival of Shavu'ot ·Weeks· / Pentacost ·50· / R. Not to do prohibited labor on Shavu'ot ·Weeks· / Pentacost ·50· † 23:24 . Lev 23:24 (Lev 23:23-25) (#4.305): T. To rest on Yom Terurah ·Day of shofars·, the first day of the seventh month Tishrei / R. To rest on Rosh Hashana ·New the Year· R. Note: Rabbinical Judaism considers this feast day as the start of the civil calendar ‡ 23:25 . Lev 23:25 (Lev 23:23-25; Num 29:1-6) (#4.306): T. Not to do work on Yom Terurah ·Day of shofars·, the first day of the seventh month Tishrei / R. Not to do prohibited labor on Rosh Hashana ·New the Year· § 23:32 . Lev 23:32 (Lev 26:29-31, 23:26-32; Num 29:7-11) (#4.307): T. Not to do work on Yom Kippur ·Day of Atonement· 10th day of seventh month Tishrei, it is a sabbath of complete rest / R. Not to do prohibited labor on Yom Kippur ·Day of Atonement· T. Directive: You must observe your Sabbath. This is a Sabbath day from evening the ninth day of the seventh month Tishrei to the following evening * 23:32 . Lev 23:32 (Lev 23:26-32) (#4.308): T. To deny yourself on the day of the Fast, that is Yom Kippur ·Day of Atonement·, 10th day of the seventh month Tishrei, it is a Sabbath of complete rest / R. Not to eat or drink on the Day of the Fast, Yom Kippur ·Day of Atonement· R. Note: This day we are commanded to be humble before God, the Rabbis encourage fasting this day. That is why it is also called “The Fast” † 23:32 . Lev 23:32 (Lev 23:26-32) (#4.309): T. To rest on the day of Yom Kippur ·Day of Atonement·, it is a Sabbath of complete rest / T. To rest on the day of the Fast / R. To rest from prohibited labor on Sabbath ‡ 23:35 . Lev 23:35 (Lev 23:33-35) (#4.310): To rest and assemble on the first day of the Feast of Sukkot ·Tabernacles·, 15th day of the seventh month Tishrei § 23:35 . Lev 23:35 (Lev 23:33-36, 23:39-43; Num 29:12-16, 29:17-34) (#4.311): T. Not to do work on the first day of Sukkot ·Tabernacles·, 15th day of the seventh month Tishrei / R. Not to do prohibited labor on Sukkot ·Tabernacles· T. Directive: You must not do any regular work, it is a day of complete rest. This is a day for sacred assembly * 23:36 . Lev 23:36 (Lev 23:33-43) (#4.312): To rest and assemble on Shemini Atzeret ·the eighth day of assembly· of the Festival of Sukkot ·Tabernacles· † 23:36 . Lev 23:36 (Lev 23:33-36, 23:39-43; Num 29:35-38) (#4.313): T. Not to do work on Shemini Atzeret ·the eighth day of assembly· of the Festival of Sukkot ·Tabernacles· / R. Not to do prohibited labor on Shemini Atzeret ·the eighth day of assembly· T. Directive: You must not do any regular work, it is a day of complete rest ‡ 23:40 . Lev 23:40 (Lev 23:39-43) (#4.314): T. To take up a lulav ·sprout· during Sukkot ·Tabernacles· / R. To take up a lulav ·sprout· and Etrog all seven days T. Directive: To rejoice before Adonai your God for seven days. The lulav ·sprout· is composed of “choice fruit” the Etrog, a Citron, “palm fronds” Palm Tree leaf, “leafy branches” Myrtle, and “River Willows”. The Rabbis teach symbolically of each. Etrog – person learned of Torah ·Teaching· with scent of good deeds (fruit); Palm – learned person without good deeds; Myrtle – person with good deeds but not learned; Willow – a person possessing neither good deeds nor learning (Shulchan Aruch; Orach Chaim, Section 651) / Note: The Gospels record each part of the lulav also, Willow (Matt 21:8); Myrtle (Mark 11:8); Good fruits (Luke 19:35-36); Palm (John 12:12-13) § 23:42 . Lev 23:42 (Lev 23:39-43) (#4.315): To dwell in a sukkah ·temporary dwellings· for seven days during Sukkot ·Tabernacles·
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