☰ Matthew 28
Resurrection Day—Sunday, 04/07/30
28
1 Ὀψὲ δὲ σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων, ἦλθεν Μαρία* ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία θεωρῆσαι τὸν τάφον. 2 Καὶ ἰδού, σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας, ἄγγελος γὰρ Κυρίου καταβὰς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ,† προσελθὼν ἀπεκύλισεν τὸν λίθον ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας,‡ καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ. 3 Ἦν δὲ ἡ ἰδέα§ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀστραπὴ καὶ τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡσεὶ* χιών. 4 Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες, καὶ ἐγένοντο† ὡσεὶ‡ νεκροί.
The angel does his duty
5 Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν ταῖς γυναιξίν· «Μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὑμεῖς· οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον ζητεῖτε. 6 Οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε· ἠγέρθη γάρ, καθὼς εἶπεν. Δεῦτε, ἴδετε τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἔκειτο ὁ Κύριος.§ 7 Καὶ ταχὺ πορευθεῖσαι εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι ‹Ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν· καὶ ἰδού, προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν· ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε.› Ἰδού, εἶπον ὑμῖν.» 8 Καὶ ἐξελθοῦσαι* ταχὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου μετὰ φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς μεγάλης, ἔδραμον ἀπαγγεῖλαι τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ.
Jesus’ second appearance
9 Ὡς δὲ ἐπορεύοντο ἀπαγγεῖλαι τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ,† καὶ ἰδού,‡ Ἰησοῦς ἀπήντησεν§ αὐταῖς λέγων, «Χαίρετε.» Αἱ δὲ προσελθοῦσαι, ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας καὶ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ. 10 Τότε λέγει αὐταῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Μὴ φοβεῖσθε· ὑπάγετε ἀπαγγείλατε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου ἵνα ἀπέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, καὶ ἐκεῖ* με ὄψονται.»
Guards are bribed
11 Πορευομένων δὲ αὐτῶν, ἰδού, τινὲς τῆς κουστωδίας ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀπήγγειλαν τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν ἅπαντα τὰ γενόμενα. 12 Καὶ συναχθέντες μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, συμβούλιόν τε λαβόντες, ἀργύρια ἱκανὰ ἔδωκαν τοῖς στρατιώταις λέγοντες· 13 «Εἴπατε ὅτι ‹Οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς ἐλθόντες ἔκλεψαν αὐτὸν ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων.› 14 Καὶ ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἡμεῖς πείσομεν αὐτὸν† καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν.» 15 Οἱ δὲ λαβόντες τὰ ἀργύρια ἐποίησαν ὡς ἐδιδάχθησαν. Καὶ διεφημίσθη ὁ λόγος οὗτος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις μέχρι τῆς σήμερον.‡
The Great Commission
16 Οἱ δὲ ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν εἰς τὸ ὄρος οὗ ἐτάξατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς. 17 Καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ,§ οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν. 18 Καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· «Ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ* γῆς. 19 Πορευθέντες† μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη· βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρός, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος· 20 διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν· καὶ ἰδού, ἐγὼ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος.» Ἀμήν.‡,§,*
* 28:1 μαρια f35 A,B,D,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ μαριαμ ℵC [0.5%] NU † 28:2 ουρανου f35 A,D [98%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ 1 και ℵB,C,W [2%] NU ‡ 28:2 απο της θυρας f35 A,C,W [94%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ 123 του μνημειου [5%] ¦ — ℵB,D [0.5%] NU § 28:3 ιδεα f35 W [92%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ ειδεα A(B)C,D [8%] NU ¦ — (ℵ) * 28:3 ωσει f35 A,C,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ ως ℵB,D [3%] NU † 28:4 εγενοντο f35 A,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ εγενηθησαν ℵB,C,D [0.5%] NU ‡ 28:4 ωσει f35 C [98%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ ως ℵA,B,D,W [2%] NU § 28:6 ο κυριος f35 A,C,D,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ — ℵB [0.5%] NU * 28:8 εξελθουσαι f35 A,D,W [98%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ απελθουσαι ℵB,C [2%] NU † 28:9 ως δε επορευοντο απαγγειλαι τοις μαθηταις αυτου f35 A,C (88%—with minor variations) RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ — ℵB,D,W (11.8%) NU ¦ two other variants (0.2%) (Here is as crass a case of homoioteleuton as anyone could wish—the last four words are identical!) ‡ 28:9 ιδου rell ¦ 1 ο D,W [10%] TR § 28:9 απηντησεν f35 A,D,W [95%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ υπηντησεν ℵB,C [5%] NU * 28:10 και εκει f35 ℵA,C,W [90%] RP,HF,CP ¦ κακει B,D [10%] OC,TR,NU ¦ εκει [0.5%] † 28:14 αυτον f35 A,C,D,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR[NU] ¦ — ℵB [0.5%] ‡ 28:15 σημερον f35 ℵA,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ 1 ημερας B,D [0.5%] [NU] § 28:17 αυτω f35 A,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ — ℵB,D [0.5%] NU ¦ αυτον [2.5%] * 28:18 επι f35 ℵA,W [99.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ 1 της B,D [0.5%] [NU] † 28:19 πορευθεντες f35 ℵA [95%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ 1 ουν B,W [5%] TR,NU ¦ νυν D ‡ 28:20 αμην f35 [98.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ — ℵA,B,D,W [1.5%] NU § 28:20 In the colophons, f35 [50%] have, “published eight years after the ascension of Christ”, to which all but f35 add, “in Jerusalem”. For 50% of the MSS to have this information probably means that the tradition is ancient; and of course, I have demonstrated, to my own satisfaction at least, that f35 goes back at least to the 3rd century. If this information is correct, then Matthew was ‘published’ in 38/39 AD. The same sources have Mark published two years later (40/41) and Luke another five years later (45/46), while John was ‘published’ thirty-two years after the ascension, or 61/62 AD. Not only were the authors eyewitnesses of the events, but many others were still alive when the Gospels appeared. They could attest to the veracity of the accounts, but could also be the source of textual variants, adding tidbits here and there, or ‘correcting’ something that they remembered differently. * 28:20 The citation of f35 is based on the following fifty-one MSS—18, 35, 55, 128, 204, 246, 363, 386, 402, 479, 510, 547, 553, 586, 685, 757, 789, 824, 867, 897, 928, 1062, 1072, 1075, 1111, 1117, 1145, 1189, 1339, 1435, 1461, 1496, 1503, 1551, 1560, 1572, 1637, 1652, 1667, 1694, 1713, 2122, 2175, 2253, 2352, 2382, 2466, 2503, 2554, 2765 and I.2110—all of which I collated myself. I also took account of two collated by Scrivener (201, 480), but did not re-collate them. 2554 is a ‘perfect’ representative of f35 in Matthew, as it stands, while the exemplars of 1072, 1117, 1461, 1496, 1713 and I.2110 presumably were as well. Others come very close. The uniformity is impressive. Since these MSS come from all over the Mediterranean world (Sinai, Jerusalem, Patmos, Bucharest, Moscow, Constantinople, Lesbos, Leukosia, Aegean, Meteora, Kalavrita, Tirana, Mt. Athos [ten different monasteries], Athens, Corinth?, Bologna, Grottaferrata, Vatican, etc.) they are certainly representative of the family, giving us the precise family profile—it is reflected in the Text without exception.I have included six published editions in the apparatus—RP,HF,OC,CP,TR,NU. RP = Robinson-Pierpont (2005), HF = Hodges-Farstad, OC = the Greek Text of the Greek Orthodox Church (also used by other Orthodox Churches), CP = Complutensian Polyglot, TR = Textus Receptus, NU = N-A26/UBS3 (N-A27/UBS4 offer changes in the critical apparatus, not in the text; the text is still that of N-A26/UBS3). In the statements of evidence I have included the percentage of manuscript attestation for each variant within either ( ) or [ ]. I have used ( ) for the evidence taken from TuT, which I take to be reasonably precise. For the variant sets that are not covered there, I mainly depended on Legg (Novum Testamentum Graece Secundum Textum Westcotto-Hortianum. Evangelium Secundum Matthaeum [Ed. S.C.E. Legg, Oxonii: E. Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1940]). I occasionally supplemented from Swanson, Scrivener and von Soden—the percentages offered, I have used [ ] for these, are extrapolations based on a comparison of these sources. I venture to predict, if complete collations ever become available, that for any non-Byzantine variants listed with 5 to 1% support (in my apparatus) the margin of error should not exceed ±2%; for non-Byzantine variants listed with 10 to 6% support the margin of error should hardly exceed ±4%; where there is some division among the Byzantine witnesses the margin of error should rarely exceed ±15%—since my sources had collated a lower percentage of the extant MSS than ECM for the General Epistles, for example, my guesses as to percentages are more tentative than they were there, except that I guarantee the witness of f35. As an arbitrary decision, I have limited the citation of individual MSS to those dated to the 5th century or earlier. I use rell to indicate that the reading is supported by all other primary witnesses, and printed editions (of the six included in the apparatus), compared to the other reading.
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